The Russian Air Force base in Latakia will be reinforced with
S-400 SAM system, which will soon be deployed there, Russia's Defense
Minister Sergey Shoigu said on Wednesday.
"S-400 will be deployed on Khmeimim airbase in Syria," Shoigu said at a Defense Ministry meeting.
Earlier on Tuesday, the Russian Su-24 was shot down by a Turkish F-16 fighter jet near the Turkish-Syrian border. One pilot died in the incident. The second one was rescued and brought to the Russian airbase in Latakia.
The S-400 is Russia's most advanced anti-aircraft defense system. It is as an upgrade of the S-300 Growler family, designed and developed by Almaz Antei. The S-400 is employed to ensure air defense using long- and medium-range missiles that can hit aerial targets at ranges up to 400 kilometers. The S-400 is capable of hitting tactical and strategic aircraft as well as ballistic and cruise missiles. The system includes a set of radars, missile launchers and command posts, and is operated solely by the Russian military.
Khmeimim airbase in Latakia, Syria, accommodates Russian Air Force squadrons of Su-27SM and Su-30 fighter jets, Su-34 and Su-24 tactical bombers, which are all taking part in airstrikes on Islamic State positions. The airbase is protected by state-of-the-art air defense systems and radars. Khmeimim also has a fully operational unit for maintaining fixed- and rotor-wing aircraft and providing logistical assistance to pilots.
Wikipedia:
The S-400 Triumf (Russian: C-400 «Триумф», triumph; NATO reporting name: SA-21 Growler), previously known as S-300PMU-3, is a new generation anti-aircraft weapon system developed by Russia's Almaz Central Design Bureau in the 1990s as an upgrade of the S-300 family. It has been in service with the Russian Armed Forces since 2007.
The S-400 uses three different missiles to cover its entire performance envelope. These are the extremely long range 40N6, long range 48N6 and medium range 9M96 missile. Each one has different capabilities.
Development
- The development of the S-400 system began in the late 1990s. The system was formally announced by the Russian Air Force in January 1999. On 12 February 1999, the first tests were performed at Kapustin Yar in Astrakhan which were reported successful. As a result of this, the S-400 was scheduled for deployment in the Russian army in 2001.[3]
Finally the completion of the project was announced in February 2004. In April, a ballistic missile was successfully intercepted in a test of the upgraded 48N6DM interceptor missile.[4][5] Officially accepted for service in 2007[6]
- According to the media site price 1st Battalion (division(about 7-8 launchers)) in 2014, is $200 million,[7] $500 million (unknown number of other components).[8]
Structure
- 30K6E administration system: manages 8 divisions (battalions)[9][10][11]
- 55K6E command and control centre based on Ural-532301.
- 91N6E[12] Panoramic radar detection system (range of 600 km) with protection against jamming. Mounted on an MZKT-7930. 300 targets. Decimetric band (S).[13]
- 6 battalions of 98ZH6E Surface-to-air missile systems consisting of (an independent combat system for autonomous operation):[14] Each battalion can hit no more than 6 goals on their own.[15]+2 another battalions if they are within range 40 km.
- Own the radars system S-400 this is Active electronically scanned array (official government statement)[18]
The 30К6Е control system can control:[14]
- S-400 Triumph 98ZH6E system;
- S-300PMU2 (through the 83М6Е2 control system);
- S-300PMU1 (through the 83М6Е control system);
- Tor-M1 through Ranzhir-M battery command post;
- Pantsir-S1 through the lead battery vehicle;
Radar type 96L6E/30K6E administration system, Protivnik-GE, Gamma-DE. Optional integration with the 92H6E radar system ensure communication between each battery with:
- Baikal-E senior command posts and other similar types;
- nearby 30К6Е, 83М6Е, and 83М6Е2 administration systems ;
- Polyana-D4М1 command post;
- command post for Russian fighter aircraft.
Components
The maximum range for targeting (detection radius more).- For a ballistic target (speed of 4800 m/s and a radar cross-section of 0.4 square meters): 230 km.
- For a target with RCS of 4 square meters: 390 km.
- For targeting of strategic planes: 570 km.
- 96L6
- 96L6E radar and equipment separately (100 meters), 96L6E2 export version. 100 targets. In mountainous terrain work without reflections. Replaces the radar to detect low-level radar and radar sector review Omnidirection appointed against any purpose without excluding stealth (but not against ballistic missiles). Can perform the functions a command post for battalions of S-300 (SA20/20A/20B)[31] or S-400. 96L6-1[32] of S-400 and S-500. Maximum height for the detection of the target 100 km away and from all directions. Can use a special tower 966AA14. It has opportunities against cruise missiles and stealth. It serves as the command post for the battalions. Phased-array radar and the multipath[31]
- Command Center PBU 55K6E[33]
- 5P85TE2 launchers and/or 5P85SE2 on the trailer
Missiles
- The 40N6 very long range missile is capable of destroying airborne targets at ranges up to 400 km (250 mi). Active radar homing head. (expected in 2012)[35] To engage targets out of sight from the ground (for homing missile can) is designed to find the target.[26] System S - 400 can hit targets at a height of 185 km.[36]
- The 48N6DM long range missile is capable of destroying airborne targets at ranges up to 250 km (160 mi). Semi-active radar homing head.
- The 48H6E3/48H6E2 – The 250/200 km, target speed 4,800 metres per second (17,000 km/h; 11,000 mph; Mach 14)/2,800 metres per second (10,000 km/h; 6,300 mph; Mach 8.2), rocket speed 2,000 metres per second (7,200 km/h; 4,500 mph; Mach 5.9).[14]
- The 9M96E2[37] extended range missile is capable of destroying airborne targets at ranges up to 120 km (75 mi), flying altitude 5 m to 30 km,. It has the highest hit probability against fast, manoeuvrable targets such as fighter aircraft. Weight 420 kg. Active radar homing head. The probability for single missile to destroy the target without taking into account the operational reliability is: (piloted stealth / UAV) of is actively maneuvering = 0.9 / 0.8.[12]
- The 9M96E medium range missile (40 km), flying altitude 20 km, weight 333 kg. Active radar homing head.[38]
- The 9M96(not for exporting) medium range missile. Range more 120 km, a high probability of target destruction 1 rocket (0.9 for the aircraft and UAV maneuvering – 0.8). Can maneuver at a height of 35[39] km with an overload of more than 20 g, which greatly increases the efficiency of destruction of ballistic missiles medium and short range.[25]
- The ABM capabilities are near the maximum allowed under the (now void) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
- The new anti-ballistic missiles 77N6-N and 77N6-N1 to enter service in 2014 supposedly add inert/kinetic anti-ballistic capability to the system.[40] The same missiles will also be used by the S-500, which has a clearly stated anti-ICBM role.[41]
Morpheus defense system
- A separate independent air defense system 42С6"Morfey"(Morpheus). 42C6(Morfey) must act together with the S-350E as a supplement of the SA-21 Growler. Together, these systems form part of the Aerospace Defence Forces[50][51]
- It is supposed to be introduced in 2015[52] Development started in 2007.[53][54] Locator works on all directions simultaneously. The short range missile (5-10 km). The ammunition 36 missiles.[50] 29YA6 radar station and infrared radar.[55] The height of the shooting up to 3500 m.[56]
Base statistics
| Max target speed | 4.8 kilometres per second (17,000 km/h; 11,000 mph; Mach 14)[19] |
| Target detection distance (km) | 600 |
Range of aerodynamic target (km)
|
400[58] 2[43] |
Altitude limits for aerodynamic target (2015, km)
|
27[19](easily)/30[44] up to 56[59][60] km (9m96e2)[61] 0.005(9M96)/0.01(all) |
Range of tactical ballistic targets (km)
|
60 5[14] |
| The number of simultaneously engaged targets (full cast WRU) | 80[9][43][62][63] earlier in stage of development was 36 (2012)[64] |
| The number of simultaneously guided missiles (full cast give target designation) | 160[43][44][65][66] |
| Ready for operation on a signal while driving on the march (by the signal strength before the start fight) (min) | 5[64][67] in the development stage been 10-15[63] |
| Detection to Launch time (min) | ready and enabled 0,6 / ready 3[28] |
| Time between major overhauls (h) | 10 000 |
Service life (Years)
|
at least 20 15 |
-
- Strategic bombers such as the B-1, FB-111 and B-52H
- Electronic warfare airplanes such as the EF-111A and EA-6
- Reconnaissance airplanes such as the TR-1
- Early-warning radar airplanes such as the E-3A and E-2C
- Fighter airplanes such as the F-15, F-16, F-35[70] and F-22
- Stealth airplanes such as the B-2 and F-117A
- Strategic cruise missiles such as the Tomahawk
- Ballistic missiles (range up to 3,500 km[38]).
- All-purpose maximum radial velocity is 4.8 kilometres per second (17,000 km/h; 11,000 mph; Mach 14) (absolute limit 5 kilometres per second (18,000 km/h; 11,000 mph; Mach 15)[38]), the minimum is zero.[14]
- System response time less than 10 seconds.[71]
- The complex can move on roads (60 km/h) and off road (ground) at speeds up to 25 km/h.[62]
Deployment
A regular S-400 battalion consists of at least eight launchers with 32 missiles and a mobile command post.[72] On May 21, 2007 the Russian Air Force announced that S-400 would be put on combat duty around Moscow and Central Russia by July 1, 2007.[73] The S-400 was also deployed near the town of Elektrostal.[74]On August 6, 2007, the first regiment equipped with S-400 entered active service in Moscow Oblast near Elektrostal, according to Channel One Russia. This is the 606th Guards Anti-air Rocket Regiment, 9th PVO Division, 1st PVO Corps, of the Special Purpose Command.[75]
On February 8, 2008, Lt. Gen. Vladimir Sviridov announced that Russia will be replacing the S-300 systems in the Northwest of Russia with the more technologically advanced S-400. Russian military experts expect that Russia plans for this system to be in place and represent a major component of their ballistic missile defense system until 2020.[76]
In September 2006 Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov announced a new state program of armaments for 2007–2015. This program provides for the purchase of 18 missile battalions of S-400's.[77]
On March 17, 2009 Russia's defense minister announced that a second regiment equipped with advanced S-400 Triumf air defense missile systems has been put into combat service.[78]
On August 26, 2009, the General Staff said S-400 systems had been deployed in the Russian Far East to counter possible North Korean missile tests and prevent fragments from falling on Russian territory.[72]
In February 2011 a second unit of S-400 missile systems was deployed at Dubrovki, north of Moscow. The 210th Air Defence Regiment consists of two battalions, each consisting of eight launch points, each with four missiles.[79] In February 2011, it was also announced that the missile system will be deployed in southern Kuril Islands "to protect Russia's sovereignty in the Far East".[80]
The Baltic Fleet in Kaliningrad received S-400 SAM systems in February 2012 and these went into operational status in April 2012.[81][82] One S-400 division is deployed on combat duty in the Russian far east city Nakhodka.[83]
As of 2012, one system (in Electrostal) was operational, with three more S-400 battalions being deployed. All 56 battalions will be delivered by 2020.[84] Russia is also setting up two regiments of S-400 in Eastern Military district.[85]
As of September 2013, the Russian Armed Forces had five S-400 regiments: two in Moscow, one in the Pacific fleet, one in the Baltic Fleet, and one in the Southern Military District. From 2014, the army was to receive two to three sets of regimental units of S-400 systems every year.[86] Another S-400 regiment was to be put on combat duty around Moscow by the end of 2013. Russia plans to have 28 S-400 regiments by 2020, each comprising two or three battalions with four systems each, mainly in maritime and border areas.[87]
In November 2015, the deployment of S-400 was reported in Syria, along with the contingent of Russian troops and other military hardware in the course of the air campaign conducted by the Russian forces on the side of the Syrian government.[88] However, those reports were refuted by Russia.[89] On 25 November 2015, the Russian government announced it would deploy S-400 in Syria in response of the downing of its SU-24 jet by Turkey.[90] On 26 November 2015, such deployment was reported by official Russian news media to have been carried out.[91]
When the Kirov-class battlecruiser Admiral Nakhimov is recommissioned with the Russian Navy in 2018, it will be equipped with the 48N6DMK anti-aircraft missile derived from the land-based S-400. The inclusion of the 48N6DMK into the Kirov's arsenal extends its air defense range from 100 km (62 mi; 54 nmi) with the 48N6E2 missile from the S-300FM to 250 km (160 mi; 130 nmi).[92]
Foreign interest
On August 23, 2007 RIA Novosti reported that their sources indicated that Russia would not export the S-400 for the next few years.[93]During the 2009 International Defence Industry Fair in Istanbul Turkey expressed interest in buying the system.[94]
Vice Chairman of Russia's State Duma Vladimir Zhirinovsky has urged the fast delivery of the S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems to Iran.[95]
On August 24, 2009, RIA Novosti reported that their sources indicated that Belarus had submitted a formal request for two battalions of S-400 systems.[96]
In September 2009, it was reported that the S-400 system is part of a $2 billion dollar arms deal being negotiated between Russia and Saudi Arabia. As of March 2010, this was still under negotiation. The Saudis want to buy twelve systems, each of eight launchers. The Saudis were trying to buy the more modern S-400, but the Russians reportedly only wanted to sell the older S-300.[97][98]
South Korea is developing a simplified version of the S-400 called M-SAM Cheolmae-2 with the help of Almaz (Russian). The prime contractor is Samsung Thales, a joint venture between Samsung and Thales (French).[99] The M-SAM will be composed of an X band multi-function radar vehicle built by Samsung Thales in technical cooperation with Almaz,[100] and fire-control vehicles and transporter erector launchers built by Doosan.[101] LIG Nex1 will provide the missiles.[102]
China
In March 2014, it was announced that Russian President Vladimir Putin gave authorization to sell the S-400 system to the People's Republic of China.[103] If China should acquire the S-400, reported to initially consist of six batteries, it would significantly improve China's ability to defend its own air space and serve as an effective stand-off weapon against air attacks. With a 400 km (250 mi) coverage range, aircraft in disputed areas off the coast could be targeted by SAMs from the mainland; all of Taiwan would be covered from Fujian Province, and the Diaoyu Islands would be covered from Shandong Province, making it difficult for the US and Japan to deploy combat aircraft over those airspaces. Taiwan seeks to address these potential advantages by locating S-400 batteries once activated using extensive SIGINT units and destroying them with stand-off weapons, cruise and ballistic missiles, and anti-radiation missiles.[104]On April 13, 2015, the chief executive of the Russian state-run arms trader Rosoboronexport has confirmed that China clinched a contract with his company for the purchase of the S-400 air defense systems.[105][106]
Although China's acquisition of the S-400 system has been viewed as a "game changer" in the region, several factors may constrain its effectiveness in East Asia. Though the 40N6 missile has a range of 400 km, it is not known if such a missile is available for export. Even if China does acquire the missile, the disputed Diaoyu Islands would be at the limit of its range if stationed along the coast, as would the Indian capital New Delhi if stationed right on the border and moved into the Himalaya Mountains. Against Taiwan, only the 40N6 could bring all its airspace in range, but deploying it along the coast of Fujian Province at sea level would prevent it from locating low-level aircraft at long range due to the Earth's curvature; the shorter-range 48N6 would be even less useful against maneuvering targets at long range. These issues, along with dangers of misidentifying and engaging friendly aircraft at such great distances, may restrict Chinese S-400 use to mainly defensive purposes.[107]
Operators
Current operators
Russia – 23 battalions (in 11 regiments)[83][108][109][110][111]- Moscow region
- 2 battalion of 183rd Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment in the Western Military District Kaliningrad.[109]
- 2 battalion in the Western Military District Saint-Petersburg[113]
- 2 battalion of 589th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment in the Eastern Military District Nakhodka.
- 3 battalion of 1532nd Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment in the Eastern Military District Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.[114][115]
- 2 battalion of 1537th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment in the Southern Military District Novorossiysk.[116]
- 2 battalion of 531st Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment in the Western Military District in the Murmansk[117]
- 2 battalion of 590th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment in the Central Military District in the Novosibirsk[118]
People's Republic of China - Officially confirmed, will purchase at least 6 battalions.[8][119][120]
Syria - Officially confirmed by Russian Defense Minister Sergey Shoygu in November 2015; "S-400 will be deployed on Khmeimim airbase in Syria," Shoygu said at a Defense Ministry meeting.[121]
Potential operators
Belarus – announced its intention to purchase S-400 systems in September 2011.[122] Deliveries will start in 2015 (official statement).[123][124]
Armenia – Armenia showed interest to Russian S-400 in 2011[125]
Egypt – Egypt has expressed its interest in buying S-400 systems[126]
India
- In October 2015, it was reported that India's Defence Acquisition
Committee was set to clear an Indian Air Force proposal for buying 12
S-400 systems.[127][128]
India has obtained a contract to acquire S-400 anti-ballistic missile
systems from Moscow at a cost of around Rs 70,000 crores on November 2,
2015 during a visit by Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar. The deal will be formally signed when Prime Minister Narendra Modi will visit Russia in December, 2015.[129]
Iran - [130]
Kazakhstan – started planning creation of a joint air defense system that helped Astana buy S-400 complexes from Moscow after 2015[122]
Saudi Arabia – has expressed its interest in buying 12 unit S-400 systems[citation needed]
Serbia – Serbia has shown interest in buying S-400 system to upgrade Serbian Air Defence capabilities.[131][not in citation given][132]
Turkey – has expressed interest in the S-400 system instead of the Russian offered S-300 system.[133]
However, Turkey has decided to build its own indigenous system with
contracts from abroad, and the S-300PMU2 was the first to be eliminated
from the competition.
Vietnam – Vietnam will buy 4–6 S-400 complexes after 2015 when Russia exports this system[134][135]
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